Unpickable lock



April 27, 194s. F, E, BES`T 2,440,433

UNPICKABLEl LOCK original Filed Jan. 8j 1942 4 sheets-sheet 1 4 SheetsSheet 2 F. E. BEST UNPIGKABLE LOCK Original Filed Jan. 8, 1942 aos les

April 27, 1948.

H9 ||7 ne las M INVENTOR.

Flc. I I. #M

llll/ FIG. elm y F. E. Bas-r 2,440,433 UNPIGKABLE LOGK original Filed Jan. s, 1942 4 sheetsshee: :s

. 2 Y 50m4 9&7v @W4 en 4||H 7 April 27, 1948.

F. E. BEST UNPICKABLE LOCK April 27, 194s.

, 1942 4 Sheets-Sheet l Original Filed Jan. 8

@7M/ff@ @j INVENTOR.

- Patented Apr. 27, 1948 UNPICKABLE LOCK Frank Ellison Best, Indianapolis, Ind.

Original application January 8, 1942, Serial No. 425,952. Divided and this application January 15, 1945, Serial No. 572,906

51 Claims.

Nature and objects This is a divisional application of my copending application on Unpickable lock, filed January 8, 1942, Serial No. 425,952, now abandoned.

This invention relates to key-operated locks and particularly to that class of locks employing the lock-controlled assembly feature in which the lock consists of a core and a housing, said core comprising a primary lock mechanism and said housing comprising a secondary lock mechanism incorporating a core receptacle therein, into which said core is adapted to be inserted and locked and from which said core is adapted to be unlocked and withdrawn by key means.

The principal object of this invention is to provide an unpickable lock.

Another object is to provide a lock using a twoelement key comprising a key handle and a detachable key bit, said handle comprising the usual lobe for manual holding and a blade preferably of the 'flat type that is usually partly insertable into a lock and that is adapted to carry, as an extension' thereof, the said detachable key bit which represents a combinatable portion of said key, the bit being detach-able from the blade in the operation of the lock so that the combinated portion of the key and portions of the lock tumblers in engagement therewith are in a separate 30 closed compartment of the lock from the blade at the time unlocking trial of the tumblers is makable, thereby provided a lock in which all the avenues that could be used in an attempt to pick thelock are closed against the intrusion of any picking instrument at the time of unlocking trial thereof.

Another object of the invention is to provide a lock in which all of the tumblers are moved into their nal position before unlocking trial of any tumbler can be made and in which unlocking trial of all of the tumblers is made simultaneously and in which none of the tumblers can be reached by a picking instrument for manipulation or movement thereof to reveal the correctness or incorrectness of the position of the tumbler or tumblers while unlocking trial is being made.

Another object is to provide a lock having plate tumblers of the ring type, that is Very compact in'construction and in which each tumbler occupies less space longitudinally of the lock than is ordinarily occupied by a stack of tumbler pins thus making it possible to build a lock of a given length that 'is capable of being set up to agr-"eater (Cl. l-366) number of combinations than the usual pin` tumbler lock of the same length,

Another object is to provide a lock core havingV ran inner cylindrical end on which the ring tumblers can be easily and quickly stacked with suitable snap-ring retaining means all adapted to facilitate the'manual changing of the combinations of the lock.

Other objects of this invention are to provide a lock that has great strength Where strength is needed; that is relatively small, compact and simple to manufacture; and that has .a number of parts which can be made on simple machines With few hand operations; and that has tumblers and spacer rings that can be stamped out on punch presses; and in which the parts do not need to be held to close manufacturing tolerances.

This lock pioneers a basically new art in keyoperated locks designated an unpickable lock which term is defined as a lock in which the combination means of the tumblers of the lock are unreachable by a picking instrument while the lock is locked, and in which the tumbler means of the lock are unreachable by a picking instrument during any possible unlocking trial of any tumbler thereof.

Other objects of the invention will be apparent from the following description taken in connection with 'the accompanying drawings,

Description of figures In the/accompanying drawings YFigure lJ is a View in longitudinal section taken substantially 5 on broken lines l-I of Figs. 2 to 17 inclusive showing a lock constructed in accordance with my invention with the key inserted in the lock in the position it would occupy preparatory to operating the lock.

Fig. 2 is a cross section taken on broken line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a cross section taken on broken line 3-3 of Figli.

Fig. 4 is a cross section taken on broken line -ll of Fig. l.

l Fig. -5 is a cross section taken on broken lines 5 5 o1" Figs. l, 18 and 22.

Fig. 6 is a cross section taken on broken lines S-G of Figs. 1, 18 and 22. v

Fig. 7 is a cross section taken on broken lines 'l-l Yof Figs. 1, 18, 20J 21 and 22.

Fig. 8 is a cross section taken on broken lines 8--8 of Figs. l, 18, 20, 21 and 22.

Fig. 9 is Ya cross section taken on broken lines 55 9-9 ci Figs'. 1, 18, 20, 21 and 2'2.

Fig. 10 is a cross section taken on broken lines lil-I6 of Figs. 1, 18, 20, 21 and 22.

Fig. 11 is a cross section taken on broken lines Il-H of Figs. 1, 18, 20 and 21.

Fig. 12 is a cross section taken on broken lines 12-12' of Figs. 1, 18, 2O and 21.

Fig. 13 is a cross section taken on broken lines i3-l3 of Figs. 1, 18, 20 and 21.

Fig. 14 is a cross section taken on broken line 14-14 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 15 is a cross section taken on broken line i-I5 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 16 is a cross section taken on broken line 16-16 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 17 is a sectional development taken on broken line l1--I1 of Fig. 1 and on a smaller scale than the preceding figures, a portion of the face plate of the lock being omitted.

Fig. 18 is a fragmentary sectional development taken on broken lines I8|8 of Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 20 and 21.

Fig. 19 is a diagram illustrating the cycle of operation of the key in this lock.

Fig. 20 is a fragmentary sectional development taken on broken line 28--26 of Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 18.

Fig, 21 is ajragmentary sectional development taken on broken line 2 i-2I of Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 18.

Fig. 22 is a fragmentary sectional development taken on broken lines 22-22 of Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 23.

Fig. 23 is ajragmentary sectional development taken on broken line 23-23 of Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 22.

Fig. 24 is an exploded isometric view showing a plurality of the operating parts of this lock core mechanism.

Fig. 25 is an exploded isometric View showing a, key and a separable key bit in relatively separated relation.

Structural description Figs. 1 t0 25 Figs, 1 to 25 inclusive disclose a lock comprising a lock housing, a lo-ck core and a key adapted for cooperation with said lock, said key having a combinated portion, herein termed the key bit, that is detachable from the body portion of the key, herein termed the key blade. The primary lock mechanism shown to the right of the end plate |46, in Fig. 1, constitutes the lock core. the skeleton of which is shown exploded in Fig. 24.

Figs. -1 to 17 inclusive show a cylindrical housing 46 thatl is open at the outer end and preferably has an integral or rigidly connected end Wall 4|, Figs. 1 and 17.

Preferably the housing 48 is internally provided adjacent the outer end with an annular shoulder 42, Figs. 1 and 17, for supporting a disc portion 68 ofthe face member 63 of a lock core, as hereinafter described.

lFive annular rows of inwardly projecting rigid lugs are provided in the housing 40 with the outermost or rst annular row of lugs positioned near the open end of said housing and each succeeding annular row of lugs spaced from the preceding annular row longitudinally of the housing. These annular rows of lugs are best shown in the sectional development, Fig. 17.

The rst roW of lugs, shown at the right in Fig. 17, are numbered 43, 44, 45, 46 and 41 respectively; the second row of lugs are numbered 48, 48 and 56 respectively; the third row of lugs are numbered 5i, 52, 53, 54, 55 and 56 respectively; the fourth row of` lugs are numbered 51, 58 and 4 59 respectively; and'the fifth row of lugs are numbered 60, 6l and 62 respectively. The functions of the lugs 43 to 62 inclusive are hereinafter fully described.

The lock core mechanism, see Fig. 24, comprises a face member 63, a longitudinally movable bolt member 64, an inner body member 65, an outer body member 66 and a throw member 61. The

numerals 63, 64, 65, 66 and 61 designate these members generally in Fig. 24. Said members are shown in exploded relation in Fig. 24 and in telescoped or assembled relation in Fig. 1. Each of said members is made up of a number of different parts and the tumblers, which are preferably of ring-plate type, are assembled on the parts 65 and 66 after these parts have been telescoped together, as hereinafter explained.

The face member 63 is preferably of one piece construction to provide great strength and offer great resistance to the application of force used for the purpose of destroying the lock or gaining access through it.

This face member 63 comprises a disc portion 68 of large enough diameter to seat against the shoulder 42. The disc portion 68 is omitted in Fig. 17 to avoid confusion. An annular row of individually spaced apart outwardly protruding lugs 69, 10, 1i, 12 and 13, see Figs. 1, 14, 17.and 24, are rigid with the face member 63 and spaced inwardly from the disc portion 68 a distance at least slightly more than the width of the housing lugs 43 to 41 so that they may be engaged back of the housing lugs 43 to 41 when the disc portion 68 rests against the shoulder 42 andis against or closely adjacent to the lugs 43 to 41 inclusive.

The face member 63 is provided, on the inner l side, with a tubular sleeve 14 that is adapted to t over a shank 15 on the end of the inner body member 65, see Figs. l, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 24. Preferably the outer end of the shank 15 has a counterbore 16 therein, Fig. 24, that ts over a cylindrical bearing portion 11, Fig. 15, which is formed within the sleeve 14, see also dotted lines, Fig. 1.

This counterbore 16 and bearing portion 11 help to provide a better bearing and particularly cooperate to prevent the two side portions of the shank 15, which are separated by a keyway 18, from being pinched together. Dowel pins 19 in holes 218 secure the relatively telescopic sleeve 14 and shank 15 together, see Figs. 1, 12, 13 and 24,*the holes for these dowel pins being shown in Fig. 24.

The keyway 18 extends through the face member 63 and inner body member 65 and is similarly numbered in these two parts. The cross sectional shape Aof this keyway may be varied to conform to the cross sectional shape of the keys to be used.

A portion of the keyway is formed in ther outer body member 66. This portion 80 is separately numbered and has inwardly projecting ribs.

8| at the location where it intersects the lower curved surface of the outer core member 66, see Figs. 8, 9 and 24. I

A key receiving notch 84 is provided in the end of a tubular portion 82 of the throw member 61. A throw lug 83, having the curved cross sectional shape shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 24, is provided on the end portion of the throw'member 81. The curvature of the throw lug 83 prevents the gear member |1||12 from being reversed or turned up-side down in assembly.

A stepped portion 85 is provided on an end flange 86 of the inner body member 65 and around the baseA of the shank '15, see Figs. 24 and 11. Theinner end of the sleeve 14 abuts against this stepped portion 35' and plate ZES of outer body member 66 when the members 56, 65, 64 and E3 are in assembled relation. The stepped portion 85 is shown in section in Fig. 11 and the end ange 85 is shown in elevation in Fig. 11 and in section in Fig. 10.

End flange 85 has a rear arcuate projection 391 that is rectangular in cross section adapted to form-fit rectangular arcuate groove 96 in circular end portion 92 of outer body member 69, Figures 9 and 24.

'Ihe inner body member 65 has a tumbler-carrying portion 81 that is rigid with the end flange 86 and Vextends inwardly therefrom. The portion 81 is of the general cross sectional shape shown in Figs. 7, 8 and 9 throughout the major portion of its length.

Two-pronged shank 89 (of body member t5, Fig. 24), which is` divided into prongs by keyway 78, protrudes from the inner end portion of the tumbler-carrying portion 8l and is adapted to telescope into two mating holes extending lengthwise through the tubular portion 92 of throw member 6l.

The metal forming the juncture of these holes with the at surface at their innermost end is rounded oi slightly so that each prong of shank 89 may be peened, in assembly, to ll the cavity thus formed as at 259, Fig. l, to thus secure the assembled parts in rigid integrality as by riveting.

A rib 99, see Figs. 1 and 5 is provided in the bottom of the tubular portion 82 to enter between the two parts of shank 89 for a short distance and support the two parts of shank 89 and the adjacent parts of the tumbler-carrying portion 8l against collapse or sidewise crushing preseures which might tend to relatively displace these parts. An integral pin 9| is provided on the rib 90 for purposes hereinafter explained.

The outer body member 55, Fig. 24, has a circular end portion 92 that has a large opening 93 therethrough to receive the inner body member 65. A lug 94 projects outwardly from the end portion 92.l and is notched on its under side to form a shoulder 95. A groove 55 is provided in the end portion 92 and extends under the lug 91.1. The function of parts 94, 95 and 96 are hereinafter explained in connection with the operation of key means.

The movable bolt member .64. comprises a crescent shaped end plate 91 that is provided with three lugs 98, 99 and I9!) on its peripheral portion. The lugs 98, 99, H32), see Figs. 13,l 17 and 24, are adapted to cooperate with the set of fixed housing lugs 48, 49 and 59 and the set of xed housing lugs 5i, 52, 53, 54, 55 and 5S in controlling rotary movement of the lock parts, as hereinafter explained. i

The end plate 97 has a number of relatively large and strong pins I9! protruding outwardly therefrom that are adapted to fit within holes 1.02 in the face member 63, see Figs. 1, 14, and 24, when the bolt member 64 is in a position adjacent the face member 6.13 as shown in Fig. 1. I have shown three oif'said pins lill and have shown them to be integral with the end plate 91.

'I'he pins I9! form a very strong and rugged connection to resist torque and prevent said torque from being transmitted to the other parts of the lock in the event a screw driver or like instrument isinserted in the keyway '18 of the face member 63 and force applied to rturn the 6 same while the lugs 98, 99 and H99 are in engagement with the housing lugs 49, '49 and 59.

The end plate 91 of the bolt member 64 carries an inwardly protruding rigid bar extension |03 and an inwardly protruding rigid tube |94. The bar extension H33 and tube |94 telescope into a notch E95 and a bore 95 respectively in the inner body member 55 when the lock parts are in assembled relation, see Figs. 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 24. The tube l has a compression spring i 97 therein. One end portion of the spring lill seats in a recess M8, Fig. 1, in portion 98 of face member 63 and the other end portion of the spring |91 presses against the closed inner end portion of the tube i513. The spring ll'l is thus caused to exert a yielding inward pressure on the movable bolt member Si with the outer end portion of the spring abutting against the lface member 63.

The bar extension H33, Figs. 7, 8, 9, l0, 11, 12,

18, 20, 21 and 24, is cut away on the right hand side, as respects the showing in Figs. 7 to l2 and 24, and carries an end piece 2%2 riveted thereto at 2l3, Fig. 18, to provide for the reception of a lock control bar 699. Parts H9 of the bar extension E93 and end piece 2&2 overhang the end portions of the lock control bar 99, see Figs. 18 and 24, for holding said lock control bar so that it may be moved transversely as respects the bar extension 93. Part. 2HE is riveted to part 93 after members 54 and 65 are assembled.

The lock control bar 99 has inclined ribs lli provided on the side thereof that is directed outwardly away from the bar extension i913 and the inclined ribs iii are adapted to cooperate with inclined ribs H2 which are formed on the wall of the notch 695 in the inner body member 95, see Figs. 8, 1S and 20, so that when the bar extension M3 is moved longitudinally the lock control bar 59 will not only be moved longitudinally therewith but will also be moved transversely of the bar extension H93.

Also it is to be noted that transverse movement of the lock control bar B99 controls the longitudinal movement of the bar extension 93 and bolt member Se. Due to the cooperation of the inclined ribs l il and H2 the transverse movement of the lock control bar H39 will always be a parallel movement and said lock control bar 99 will not be tilted or inclined because it is rmly held by and between the inclined ribs H2 which are rigid with the portion 3l? of the inner body member 55. The function of the lock control bar E99 which makes this parallel movement of said lock control bar H99 necessary is hereinafter described in connection with the mechanism with which it cooperates.

The end portion 92 of the outer body member 65 has three lugs H9, H4 and H5 on its peripheral portion as shown in Figs. 1, 9, 10, 11, 17 and 24. The lugs H3, lili and H5, Fig. 17, are positioned in an annular path between the set of housing lugs 5E to 59 inclusive and the set of housing lugs 5i to 59 inclusive. The lugs H3, lid and H5 cooperate with housing lugs 5l to 55 inclusive and housing lugs 5l, 59 and 59 to prevent endwise displacement of the outer body member 65 in the housing 99.

The outer body member 95 has a body portion H6 extending inwardly from the end portion 92 vand of a cross sectional shape as shown in Fig. 8. This body portion has an outwardly extending ange lil, shown at the left in Figs. 8 and 24, that is provided with two radial shoulders H9 and H9. Shoulder H3 engages with shoulder H25 of the portion 81 of the inner body member 65 while shoulder ||9 engages with surfaces |50 of tumblers |46. l

To the right of the shoulder ||9 for a substantial distance, as respects the showing in Figs. 8 and 24, the portion ||6 is cut away for a distance and then mad-e wedge shaped to provide a key bit operating space 308, see Fig. 8, and to the right of this key bit operating space the portion H is of uniform thickness and finally this thicker portion terminates in a radial stop shoulder |20 positioned, preferably, diametrically op posite to the radial shoulder H8.

The portion H5 terminates at its inner end in a plate like portion |2| of substantially semicircular shape, see Figs. 1, 7 and 24. This plate like portion |2| has a notch 209 to facilitate assembly of tumblers |46 which notch may be filled, after the tumblers are in place, by a form,- tting block 2|0, which, in common with plate like portion |2|, has a groove |22 in the peripheral portion for the reception of a resilient lock ring |23 preferably of ring type, Figs. 1 and 7. The portion 01 of the inner body member 65 has a recess |24 to receive the inturned inner end portion |25 of the lock ring |23.

The portion ||6 of the outer body member 66 has a longitudinally moving locking slide |30 provided therein, see Figs. 7, 8, 9, 22 and 23. The inner end portion |3| of the locking slide |30, shown at the left in Figs. 22 and 23, is of wedgeshape and is adapted to lock into a Wedgeshaped recess |32 in a end plate |40, see Figs. 22 and 6. An overhanging plate portion |33 is provided on the locking slide |30 at one side of the inner end portion |3|. The plate portion |33 overhangs the portion |3| and projects beyond the end of the same, as shown in Figs. 22 and 23. One edge |34 of the plate portion |33 is inclined and is positioned in engagement with a cam surface |35, see Figs. 6 and 22, when the locking slide |33 occupies the position shown in Figs. 22 and 23. When the lock is in operation the locking slide |30, will at certain times, be moved to the right from the position shown in Figs. 22 and 23 so that the tip of the inner end portion |3| will follow a flat surface |36 and the tip of the plate portion |33 will follow a parallel at surface |3l, shown in Fig. 22.

The outer end of the locking slide |30 has a frustro-conical end portion |38, that is adapted to lock into a correspondingly shaped recess |39 in the end ange 35 under certain operating conditions hereinafter described.

The end plate |40, see Figs. 1 and 5, has three spaced lugs liti on its periphery. The lugs |4| fit between the housing lugs 90, 6| and 62 and prevent rotation of the end plate |40 in the housing.

In addition to the cam surface |35 the end plate |40 has two other inclined cam surfaces |42, |43 on the side thereof adjacent the lock mechanism, see Figs. 1, 6, '7, 18 and 22. The flat surface |35 cooperates with the end portion of end piece 2|2 carried by the bar extension |53 to hold said bar extension |03 and the parts connected therewith in the position in which they are shown in Fig. 18, when the lock parts are in their initial or starting position. The end of end piece 2|2 carried by the bar extension |03 has a beveled surface |45 thereon for engagement with the inclined cam surfaces |42 and |43 as hereinafter described.

The cam surface |35 in cooperation with wedge shaped recess |32 and fiat surface |31 controls endwise movement of the locking slide |30 to lock the outer body member 66 either to the end plate |40 or to the inner body member 65.

The cam surface |42, in cooperation with the lock control bar |09, governs longitudinal movement of the movable bolt member 64, Fig. 24, and thus cooperates in governing movement of the lugs 98, 99 and |00 into and out of the path of the housing lugs 43, 49 and 50, Fig. 1'7.

IIhe cam surface |03 in cooperation with Athe' lock control bar |09 governs movement of the bolt member 64 in moving the lugs 98, 99 and |00 into and out of alignment with the stop lugs 5| to 56 inclusive.

An inclined surface |44 is provided adjacent the cam surface |43 and the clearance space 38 of the end plate |40 is recessed to provide clearance for bar extension |03 and lock control bar |09 as hereinafter described.

The end plate |40 has a stop member |25 provided therein that is adapted to be engaged by a lug |21 which is rigid with and protrudes endwise from the inner body member 65 to limit the rotary movement of said inner body member55 to substantially one hundred eighty degrees.

In assembling the elements of this lock core, most of which are shown in Fig. 24, it is advised to proceed as follows: with end piece 2|2 removed and lock control bar |09 in place, telescope 64 and 65 and rivet 2|2 in place. Then with plate 216 and pins 2|| removed and locking slide |30 in place, telescope members 54 and 65 into member 55 and rivet member 6l to the end of member 55. Then slide plate 2|5 sidewise into place and secure with pins 2H. Lastly telescope sleeve 'i4 of member 53 over shank l5 of member 65 and pin with pins 19 in pin holes 2|8.

When these members are telescoped together they constitute an uncombinated core which forms a support of generally cylindrical shape for the reception of a plurality of tumblers |46 and a plurality of tumbler spacers |47, both preferably of substantially ring shape. In Fig. 1 I have shown nine tumblers |46 and ten of the spacers |41. Obviously a greater or lesser number of tumblers and spacers may be used. The tumblers |46 are also herein termed tumbler rings but it is obvious that their shape may be widely varied.

The tumblers |35 in the uncombinated form are all of duplicate construction. A cross section through one of these tumblers is shown in Fig. 8. Each tumbler |46 has an inwardly protruding portion |48 that has a plurality of stepped shoulders |49 on oneside thereof varranged and shaped so that they look like inverted stair steps when viewed from the position shown in Fig. 8.

Preferably thev number of shoulders |49 correspond to one less than the number of increments in combinating the tumblers of the lock core. In the present illustration, in Figs. 1 to 25 inclusive, I have shown nine of the shoulders |49. Hence ten increments are used in combinating this lock, and the available combinations of the lock core follow the formula of l0n where n represents the number of tumblers of the core. Thus in a nine tumbler lock core of en increments per tumbler, as shown, there are one billion combinations available.

The portion |48 of each tumbler has a surface |50 positioned opposite to the shoulders |49. This surface |50 is preferably straight and radial and is adapted to be engaged by the shoulder H9 of the flange Ill of the outer body member.

liiach tumbler IE is ii-'urther provided, at a location approximately 'diametrically opposite from the stepped .portion tdt, with an Ainwardly extending widened .portion riti fof `substantial length, 'as shown in Fig. f8. Each Vwidened portion I5! is provided with one or more rela'tively deep .notches 152; and the widened portion 15| of Sat lea'st one Itumbler of each core is provided with a "relatively shallow notch '553. Preferably several tumblers 'itt of `each lock core are provided with one or more 'of the shallow notches |53 vfor reasons hereinafter explained. The notches |52 'and |53 are 'the combinated portions of `tlie tumblers 'and their positions vin each ,inh stance are 'determined by ythe bit'ting ci the key and they are adapted to receive 'the hereinbefore described lock control vbar its.

The spacers M1 are of `L-shaped cross section, as shown in Fig. 1, each of said spacers 'il 'having a `ilange |54 :that extends over the peripheral portion of one adjacent tumbler 'and irictionally engages said tumbler and helps to hold the spacer and ltumbler in a 'correct position relative to each other. Also each spacer i411 is internally pro vided vvi'thsfan.inwardly protruding lug i525, shown at the 'left in Fig. 8, that proljec'ts into a groove 55 in the inner bodymember "65, the groove it being clearly shown in Fig. 9j Preferably the lugs 155 are integralwith the spacers '|41 and have `their edges bent over so that said lugs are of U shape in cross section, as shown in Fig. 3. lThis rgives the lugs 'greater strength fand more bearing'surface in the groove ist'. The lugs |55 connectthe'spacers l 41 with theinner body member 165 :in such 'a lmanner that all of the spacers #d1 will `'be rotatively v.moved along with thefin'ner body .member `E5.

The tumblers'llit 'and spacers i'll are assembled :between the end portion '92 at one end, and the resilient lock ring (23, at the other end, see Fig. l, fand are frictionally held under enough endwise and radial pressure so `that rotary movement 'of the spacers |41 will move the tumlblers |46 unless 'said tumblers are otherwise restrained from movement. .Radial -friction on the circumferential 'portions of l"the tumblers Mb may be provided 4by the overhanging flanges '|513 of the spacers M1, 'which may be extended lengthwise of 'the lock core beyond the extension shown Ato completely 'infol'd v:and hide the tumblers |45 on the outside.

The tumblers ist and spacers ldl 'are quickly and easily assembled on members t5 and 65 4and are as quickly 'and as easily disassembled by first removing the lock ring |23 land th'en block 2id. i

Thus it Ais easyto remove the tumblers 'Mt 'in the event the combination or combinations of the lock core are to be changed. In practice, block 2| may be 'dispensed with or made integral with lock ring 123.

The overhanging flange |54 of the spacers Idl extend over the peripheral portions 'of the tumblers it and shield and protect 'said tum-` blers and prevent them from 'coming in contact with any of the `adjacent parts of the lock `core or housing. 'ih'ese flanges may be extended to completely overhang and hide the exterior oi said tumblers if desired.'

As the bar extension its is required to pass downwardly over the cam 'surface M3 and beyond said cam surface, 'for ordinary lock operation, Vit is necessary 'to provide the clearance or space 38 in the end plate Idil in order to provide `'clearance for end piece -2 l2 carried Yon the end portion of said bar extension H33. Also when the lockcontrol bar |59 is positioned in its outermost radial position in `a set oi' Ideep notches i5? the end "portion -of said lock control bar will just clear the inclined surface |44 and be positioned in the clearance space 38 as the zend of bar ex.,- tension '|113 moves beyond cam surface l 43, Fig. 6.

The throw means, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 -of `this lock, is positioned between the plate member ist andthe end 4| `of 'the housing. This throwmeans includes .primary throw lug $3, `certain :gears Yand gear segments and secondary throw member his that are arranged to provide lost motion before i and 'after the secondary lock-operating cycle,

employed to unlock a secondary lock mechanism.

' Key A key for 'operating this lock is 'show-n in Figs. l and 25 and cross sections of said key are shown in Figs. 6 to 10 inclusive This `key comprises a Iblade i having the usual lobe |8| on its outer end :and having a shouldered `portion |82Y adjacent the lobe. The portions and |32 are adapted to-enter the keyway 13 in the face member 63 and the shouldered portion |82 is adapted to abut against a shoulder |83 inthe said face member 63 to position the key longitudinal-ly in the lock.

A notch |84 is provided inthe blade I8@ a short distance forwardly of the shouldered portion |82 for engagement with the previously 4described lug 9d on 'the circula-r end :portion `d'2, seeFigs. i, l1 and 24. Figs. 10 and 111 ibothfshow that this lug 94 is clear of the keyway 18 when the members 6d, 65 and 5B f the look are in the position they will occupy at the time the Vlizey is inserted therein for removed therefrom. After the key has been inserted and as soon as vclockwise movement of said key is initiated Yit will beengaged with the lug'94 and vcannot thereafter be withdrawn from the ylock until it is turned back into the initial or starting position.

The key blade it is provided 'with two lon'gitudinal'ly spaced apart notches |86 and |81 for the reception of a separable combinated portion |88 herein referred to as a key bit. Overhanging portions A|89 and :|90 fare provided in connection with 'the respective notches 86 and |81 to 'engage with lugs 19| and |92 on the respective ends of the separable key bit |88.

The pitted Aedge of the key 'bit is a series of stepped portions -206 which are longitudinally offset from each other the proper 'distances to cause the stepped portions of the key always to align themselves 'with the respective tumblers '|46 when the key is in the corrct lock operating `position in the lock. When the tumblers |66 are moved toward the key bit '|83 the shoulders its on the 'tumblers engage with the sides of the stepped portions 2116 of the key bit and the tumblers are thus positioned by the 'key bit.

The lugs |9| on the end of 'the key bit member are Vpreferably two in number and are transversely spaced apart of a locking member |924, slee Fig. l, that is embedded in the key blade |80. The'lockV ing member |94 has two inclined portions |95 and |796 that are guided in the key blade |80 in such a manner as to cause the looking member to be moved toward the key bit |88 when it is moved toward the tip end of the key handle and to be moved away from the key bit `i 88 when it is moved toward the lobe end of the key handle.

A compression spring |91 in a bore |98 in the key blade lpresses against one side of a short pin |99 that engages with a lug 2M of the locking member '|9"4. The other side of the lug 204 is forward end of the key blade and is adapted to be engaged and actuated by the pin 9| of the ri-b 90 of the throw member 61 when the key blade is inserted to its maximum depth into the lock.

A cross pin 20| operates in a notch 202 in the longer pin 200 to limit the longitudinal movement of said longer pin 200.

A shallow groove 203 is provided in the bottom edge of the separable bit member |88 to receive the top edge of the locking member |94 and thereby cooperate with the locking lug |93 to lock the detachable bit member |88 against transverse displacement.

When the key is inserted in the lock `core the pin 9| will move into the end of the key, as shown in Fig. 1, and the locking member |94 and locking lug |93 will be moved thereby out of engagement with the groove 203 and lugs ISI. When this occurs the separable key bitl |88 will be released as respects the key blade and the key blade |80 and key bit |88 can be moved sidewise relative to each other. When the separable key bit |89 is locked to the key blade |80, the lugs |9| and |92 are held beneath the overhanging portions |89 and |90 of the handle, the lug |93 is positioned between the lugs |9| and the locking member |94 is positioned in the groove 293. 'I'his binds the key bit iirmly and immovably to the key blade and said key bit will not be no1'- mally detached from the key blade at any time except when the key is inserted in the lock and turned. Also said key bit will be re-engaged with the blade as the key is removed from the lock.

The combinated portion 205 of the key bit member is narrower than the base portion thereof, as -best shown in Fig. 8, to provide on the key bit member, a shoulder 201 that is adapted to be engaged by an overhanging ledge |18 of the body portion ||6 of the outer body member 66. The ledge |18 cooperates with the ribs 8| to trap and hold the key bit |88 securely within the cuter body member during the operation of the lock.

` Operation The lock core mechanism shown in Figs. 1 to 25 may be operated, so as to operate a secondary mechanism, through throw-member |59, by all keys that have properly combinated detachable bits and which will enter the lock core and align a set of notches, composed of either or both notches |52 and |53, entirely across the series of tumblers |46 therein. These keys may include ordinary operating keys which will operate only one lock, of a group or series of locks, or various master and sub-master keys which will operate various groups within the series, and control keys which perform the double function of operating the locks they are made to fit and of removing the primary lock mechanisms or cores of 'said locks from the lock housings.

Thus any of saidkeys may be made to serve as 'a control key.

The usual operation of this lock by an operating key will now be described A key of proper combination is inserted in the lock core in the usual manner until the stop shoulder |82 rests against the shoulder |83. For this position of the key the key bit |88 will be properly aligned with the tumblers |46 and said key bit |88 will be securely held within the lock portion ||6 of the outer body member 66, as

shown in Fig. 8, with the ledge |18 of the portion ||6 being engaged over the shoulders 201 of the key bit and the ribs 8| engaging with the lower edge portion of said key bit. Also for this position ofthe key the pin member 9|, Fig. 1, will be engaged with the pin 200 in the key blade and the locking member |94 in said key blade will be moved into releasing position as respects the key bit |88. Y

To operate the lock, after insertion of the key as described in the preceding paragraph, said key is turned in a clockwise direction. As the key begins to move clockwise the key bit and outer body member 60 will remain stationary but the inner body member 65 and spacers |41, which are connected with the inner body member 65 through the lugs |55, will be angularly moved with the key. Movement of the spacers |41 will move Vthe several tumblers |46, which are frictionally connected with the spacers |41, until the shoulders |49 of the respective tumblers |46 engage with the stepped portions 206 of the key bit. When each tumbler |46 engages with the key bit it will be stopped and will not rotate any further until the key bit begins to move. Preferably this movement of the key bit and outer body member 66 will begin at the end of about forty degrees movement of the key. I term this forty degrees the pick-up movement as diagrammatically shown in Fig. 19.

It is during this pick-up movement that all of the tumblers |40l are properly positioned for unlocking trial of the lock, provided a'key having a proper combination is being used. If a key of a wrong combination is being used it can be turned through this first forty degrees of pick-up movement and to the trial zone o f operation but cannot be turned through the unlocking trial zone because the tumblers |46 will not be properly aligned to receive the lock control bar |09 and further operation of the lock will be prevented.

At the time the key is inserted in the lock the outer body member Y including the portion ||6 shown in Figs. 22 and 23, will be locked to the end plate |40 by the engagement ofthe portion |3| of locking slide |30 in the recess |32 and by engagement of the edge |34 with the cam surface |35 and by the abutting relation of the end portion |38 of said locking slide |30 against the wall of end flange 86. As long as the outer body member 66 thus remains locked to the housing 40 it cannot be moved rotatively and the key bit |88 will be held ina xed position while the tumblers |46 are moved into engagement with said key bit. When the key handle and inner body member 65 begin to move clockwise from the initial or starting position the recess |39 in the end flange 86 begins to move toward the locking slide |30, Fig. 22. By the time the key and inner body member |35 have completed their clockwise movement through the pick-up portion of their cycle the recess |39 will be substantially in registration .with the conical end portion |38 of the locking slid-e |30 but the position of the locking slide |30 will not have changed. Y

However, when the key and inner body member 55 reach the end of the pick-up movement, Fig. 19, in a clockwise direction-the shoulder |28 of the inner body member 65 will contact the shoulder H8. Fig. 8, of the outer body member 66.

Thereafter, upon further movement of the key and inner body member in a clockwise direction, the outer body member will be rotatively-moved therewith and the locking slide |30 will be longitudinally moved to the right, as respects the showing in Figs. 22 and 23. This releases the engagement of the locking slide |30 with the end plate |40 'and moves the cone shaped end portion 'aM-'ome .|38 `of `said locking slide |30 into the recess '|38 thus locking the inner and outer body members 65 and S6, Fig. 24, together.

Also at substantially the end of the pick-up portion of the stroke, i. e., at the end oi `forty degrees of clockwise movement of the key and inner body member 65, the beveled surface |185 of end piece 2|2 riveted to the bar extension |93, Fig. 18, will begin to move the cam surface |62 and the spring |67 will begin to move the longitudinally movable bolt member 64, Fig. 24, inwardly. This will cause the inclined ribs `i l2 ron the portion 8l, Figs. 18 and 20, to tend to move the cooperating inclined ribs IH and the lock control bar |09 outwardly toward the notches |52 and |53 in thetumblers M6. If the key is of a proper combination and the tumblers |46 are properly positioned so that a set of the deeper notches |52 are lined up across the tumblers then the lock Vcontrol bar lil, which is being urged toward the notches |52 'by the spring lill will drop into the notches |52 and operation of the lock can continue on to the en'd of the operating cycle, Fig. 19, 'and' will be stopped at-the end `oi said operating cycle.

The trial portion of the cycle during which the spring 91 isurging the lock 'control bar H59 into the notches |512 is preferably the succeeding' twenty degrees beyond the end of the pickfup portion, see Fig. 19, and the operating portion ci the cycle is the succeeding sixty degrees beyond the trial portion. The usual operating keys will only turn the lock core through these `three :cycles but a `control key will turn the lock core through a further control cycle of operation, preferably oi sixty degrees and bring said lock core to a position where it may be removed from thelcck housing.

Obviously the angles through which the key is turned for pick-up, trial, operating and control maybe varied in the design of the lock, the angles herein described being merely'illustrative of one set oi angles by which this sequence of operations can be satisfactorily l'carried out. i

When the three members 63, Ed andiii of the core, Fig. 24, rst begin to move clockwise from the starting position the stop lugs 98, SS and Mie, Figs. 13, 17 and 24, on the crescent shaped end plate 91 of bolt member 64, will be in the annular path of the fixed housing lugs |58, de and t, Fig. i7, but can be moved substantially sixty degrees clockwise, see Fig. 13, before they `are stopped by the lugs 48, 49 and 5t. This makes it possible to operate the lock mechanism through the pick-up and trial portions of the cycle with any key of the type disclosed that can be inserted therein even though the key bit is not out to the right combination.

However, for the lock to be operated beyond the end of the trial position it is necessary that the bolt member (i4, which carries the lugs S8, 9S and mi), should be moved endwise, to the left as respects the showing in Figs. l and 17, lfar enough so that the lugs 98, S99 and it! will be clear of the lugs 8, i9 and 5e. The lugs $8, 9e and Idil must be thus in the clear by the time the lock parts have reached the end of the trial position in their clockwise movement.

Also it is necessary that the lugs e3, 93 and 55B should be moved to the left, Fig. 17, without interferring with the housing lugs 5i to 55 inclu'sive until the end of the operating stroke, at which time the lugs 8, S9 and ll are in `contact with, and stopped by, `the three lugs 512, lii 'and 52 respectively.

"14 This movement to the left, 'as respects the showing in Figs. `1 andi-7, of the lugs 95, l99' and it@ of bolt member @il is controlled by three cooperating elements. These elements are.. the lock` 52 and |53 of the tumbler rings properly aligned before it can Abe moved into said notches-by the spring till'. The inclined cam surfaces m2 and vits and adjacent surfaces of end plate i-l `must control endwise movement of the bar Iextension |53 and the bolt member 61| and lugs $5, B9 and lila carried thereby, in such a manner that the lug-s 53S, 39 and "Idil will clear the lugs, '43, 49 and 5% and will not interfere with the housing lugs 5i to 5e inclusive until -the operation of the lock is completed. If 'the lock control bar |69 has dropped only into properly aligned deep notches |52 in the tumblers, the lugs 98, 99 and |00 will clear thelugs 138,49 `and 5i] and will then beguided past certain of the `lugs 5i to 55 inclusive, `'after which theendpiece 2|2 and bar extension |63 will ride over the inclined Acam surfaces its andthe lugs 98, 'Se and it! will move into the annular path jof the lugs 5| to `'in'clusive and will be stopped by lugs 5e, 5S land 52 at the end of the operating period-of the cycle.

rihe dotted lines in Fig. I7 illustrate the paths of movement of `the lugs 198, 99 and itil `in bypassing some of the Ahousing lugs ito 5S inclusive. For instance, the lug 9B rst moves `in a straight line until it is substantially alongside of the lug l. Then, as the inclined camsuriace M2 at the end of the bar |93, Fig. 18, allows the bar extension I-iand bolt member iid, Fig. 2 4, to V move to the left, this lug 98 'moves angularly, ciockwise and to the left, Fig. 17, until it is in the pathway Ybetween the set oflugsfi to 5i! and the set of lugs "5| to 5S. Then said lug moves clockwise, as end piece -2-|2 and the bar extension M73 rides on 'the flat surface of end plate MB, until it has Joy-,passed lug 53. Then, as end piece 212 .and the `end of the 'bar extension |33 rides down over the .inclined cam 'surface M3, `this lug 98 moves angularly, clockwise and tothe left, the same being downwardly in Fig. 17, into line with the lug 54 and comes to a -stop against the lug 5i `at the end'of a key movement ci one hundred twenty degrees. v

In a similar manner the lugs S9 Iand `lili! `move simultaneously with the lug '93 to `by-pass the respective lugs and 5| `and come to a stop against `the lugst and 52 respectively.

.In a counterclcckwise or return `movement of the key and lock mechanism the inclined cam surf-ace |43 and `|432 will cause the lugs 98, 99 and |99 to follow, in a counterclockvvise or reverse direction, the paths just previously described back to the starting position.

Thus inthe normal operation of the lock for the purpose of retractin'g Ia secondary mechanism a properly `bittedoperating key is inserted, with the' bit uppermost. This key is then turned through an angle of substantially one hundred twentydegrees to rst properly align the tumblers and position the lock control bar |5313 in the tumbler notches and then to'impart a turning movement Vof substantially ninety Vdegrees 'to the threw member '15.9 which protrudesifrom the end of the lock housing. Thus the sixty degree operating movement tof the' `key 'produces a ninety degree movement of the throw ymember |59.'

.In the pick-up movement of an ordinary operating key, Fig. 19, the key bit |68 will remain stationary and the tumblers |46 will be fric- `tionally moved into engagement with said key bit and a set of deeper' notches |52 will be lined up with lock control bar |69 entirely across the set of tumblers.

Upon further clockwise movement of the operating key through the trial portion of its cycle the lock control bar |66 will be moved into the aligned notches |52 thus allowing the movable lugs 68, 99 and |66 to clear the respective housing lugs 49, 56 and 48 so that clockwise movement of the key may be continued through the operating portion of the cycle.

During movement through the operating portion of the cycle the end piece 2|2 of bar eXtension |63 will pass over the inclined cam surface |43 and rotation will be stopped at the end of the operating cycle by engagement of the lugs 66, 96 and |66 with housing lugs 54, 56 and 52. l

At the time the key begins to move clockwise from the starting position the interrupted gear member |1||12 of the throw mechanism will simultaneously begin to move clockwise from the position shown in Figs. 3 and 4. In the starting position the long teeth |69 of the gear segments |65 are resting on the circumferential portion of the gear member |12 and the end of one shorter tooth |16 of each gear segment |65 is pointed toward the center of interrupted gear member |1| and positioned so that it will move along one of the smooth peripheral surfaces |15 of said interrupted gear member 1|.

During clockwise movement of the key through the pick-up and trial portion of its cycle the interrupted gear member |1||12 will move rotatively Without turning the gear segments |65 on their axes. At substantially the time the key reaches the end of the trial portion of its movement a short tooth |16 of each gear segment |65 will be engaged by a tooth |14 of the gear member 1| and the gear segments |65 will begin to move rotatively, the long teeth |66 entering the recesses |11 and |16, see Figs. 4 and 3.

These gear segments |65, as illustrated, preferably will be rotated through an angle of substantially ninety degrees while the key and gear member |1||12 are moving clockwise through the sixty degree operating portion of the cycle. The recesses |11 and |16 receive the longer teeth |69 as the gear segments |65 rotate. At the end of about ninety degrees of rotary movement of the gear segments |65 the long tooth |69 of each gear segment |65 will again rest on a peripheral portion of the gear member |12 and will prevent further rotary movement of the gear segments |65 in the event the key is turned beyond the end of the operating portion of the cycle. The only key that can and will be turned beyond the end of the operating portion of the cycle is a control key used for the removal of the lock core from the lock housing, as described in my co-pending application Serial No. 572,907.

Rotation of the gear segments |65 is transmitted directly to the gear segments |E| which, in the present instance, act through the gear member |66 to rotatively move the throw member |59 through the same angle as the gear segments |65 and I6! but in the opposite direction.

From the above described operation of the throw mechanism it will be apparent that said throw mechanism provides suilicient lost motion at the beginning of the cycle of operation of the key to prevent turning ofthe throw mem- 16 ber |59 While the key and parts of the lock mechanism are being moved through the pick-up and trial portions of their cycle. Also it will be apparent lat this throw mechanism will transmit substantially ninety degrees of rotary movement to the throw member |59 while the key and lock parts are moving through substantially sixty degrees of the operating portion of the cycle Also it will be apparent that this throw mechanism'is capable of providing for substantially sixty degrees of lost motion beyond the end of the operating portion of the cycle in the event the lock core is to be removed from the housing. Obviously other desired gear ratios between the key operated throw member 67 and the throw member'l59 and 4degrees of lazy motion both before and after the operating cycle can be obtained by varying the relative sizes of the gear members 6| and |66 and related parts.

This throw mechanism is further adapted to provide corresponding inverse lost motion and rotary motion of the several parts of the throw mechanism as a key in the lock is rotatively moved in a counter-clockwise direction from the end of the operating or control position back to the starting position.

In many types of locks the throw mechanism Y herein disclosed is enlarged and changed in many ways. For instance the hub of one of the gear segments |6| may be made the main throw member in the secondary lock mechanism in` case it is desirable that the throw member be off center as respects the lock housing. Such a set-up is disclosed in U. S. Letters Patent No. 2,138,856, issued December 6, 1938.

When this structure is used the throw pin is aligned on the axis of the lock core and any forcible rotating of core and housing could not unlock the secondary lock.

Any desired degree of masterkeying and submasterkeying may be provided in this lock by the use of more than one of the deeper notches in any desired number of the tumblers. In the lock shown in Figs. 1 to 24 one billion different combinations are possible.

Having thus described my invention what I claim as being new and desire to secure by U. S. Letters Patent is:

1. An unpickable lock comprising a lock and a key, said lock having tumbler means, and combination means carried by said tumblers, said lock having combination-shielding means adapted to render said combination means unreachable by a picking instrument while the lock is locked, and said lock having tumber-shielding means adapted to render said tumbler means unreachable by a picking instrument during any unlocking trial thereof.

2. An unpickable lock consisting of a key-operable lock having the lock-controlled assembly feature comprising a housing and a core, said core having key-operable tumblers with vcombination means on said tumblers, said lock having combination-shielding means adapted to render said combination means unreachable by a picking instrument while the lock is locked, and having tumbler-shielding means adapted to render said tumblers unreachable by a picking instrument during the unlocking trial thereof.

3. An unpickable lock comprising a key-operable lock having a housing, a core and a key, said core having tumblers with combination means and a two-chambered keyway, said key comprising a handle and a detachable bit, which bit is adapted to engage and position said tummers for lockeoperathiennrnoses said tivo :chambers of saidkeyway being adapted to accommodate the blade :and bit respectivelyrsaid chambers being closed oneto theotherfduring: unlocking :trial ni said tumblersthus isolatingfsaidtumblers against the intrusion of a picking instrument .thereunto l :from the outside of said lock .during saidunlock-i-ng trialfand shielding means adapted to protect :the combination vmeans against inF trusion thereunto of a picking instrument when the lockis flocked.

4. In an unpickable lockcomprisingailook having tumbler 4means with combination means thereon and combination-shielding means adapted to 4render said combination means unreachable by a Picking ,instrument VWhile the lock islocked said lock also having tumbler-,shielding emeans adapted to -rendersaid tumbler means unreachable by a picking instrument vduri-ng the iin-locking trial thereof, lock core means, ,a key blade, and a key bit detachable from said key blade by operation of the key blade AWitl'iinthe look core means.

5. In an unpickable lock,..the ,combination of elements comprising a plurality oitumblers, tum- 3 bler positioning means adapted to position all of saidl tumblers prior to any possible unlocking trial yof `the lock and v unlocking trial means adapted to subject all of said tumblers `to unlocking trial simultaneously.

6. In an unpickable tumbler lock that is operable from an initial position successively through 4a pick-up `portion of -a cycle and a trial portion of a cycle, the .combination of elements comprising a plurality of .tumblers, tumbler vpositioning means adapted to position all of said .tumblers during said pick-up portion of saidcycle and unlockingtrial meansadapted to make unu looking .trial of all said .tumblers simultaneously during said trial portion of said cycle.

'7. In an unpickable ring :tumbler ylock adapted to operate through a'pick-zup portion ofa cycle and a trial portion of a.cycle, the combination of elements ACOmpITiSinga pluralityof 'tumblers turnber moving :means` adapted to move `said tumblers into .their combination :position during the pickup portion `of the cycle, trial ,means 4adapted to subject .all of .said tumblers.simultaneouslyfto unlocking trial, :tumbler holding means adapted to hold said `tumblers relatiyely immovable during said Aunlocking trial and :access 'blocking means adapted to `block access to said ftumblers fd'uring said unlocking atrial.

8. In an 4unpickable flock adapted .to operate througna cycle havingapickupzoneand a trial Zone, -a rlock mechanism `having a plurality of tumblers, `and key .means vcomprising .a separable combinated key bit -forming a tumblerstop nad a `key handledetachable 'from said :key bitadapted to move all lof. `said :tumblers into `engagement with. said'key ibi-t. and into theirinal relative .positions .inthe pick-:up zone and to subject .all 1oi said itumblers `to :simultaneous unlocking atrial in the trial zone while :said tumblers iare held relatively immovable and .access .to said ytumblers is prevented. e

A lock, comprising `a .key having .a .relatively detachable keythandlezand ikeydiit, a-n'cl lcck `core means adaptedftoreceive said ikey, said ,lock fcore means including a lkey abit `receiving ,memberfheld immovable in `the lock during :movement of the key handle Within a :predetermined Zone of yoperation of the lock.

`10. In combination, a ilock, ea key.. handle, a separable key :bit fdetachably. connected with said;

` engagement y with the .key bit.V l

`'loi-2k `positioned to receive l andlioldthekey bit rotatively immovable in the `-look Whilexthe key handle is vroiati-vely ino-ved the look out of registration with the key-klrbit. l

11. in combination, ailook, .a key handle; 2f .separable nvkey; -bit` detamable from -said key handle'by rotative movement :of said key handle, and key bit receiving means in -the lock positioned to receive and hold-the key bitrnember rotatively immovable theflock while-the :key handle is ioftatively moved Withinia pick-lin portion 0f the loeks .cycle of oDeratior-L; i

e 12. Look means, ioomprisineza look and a-key, said keyhavinea detaohablekey bit, `Said look beine .adaptedfto receive saidlieybit and operable `to detach said: key :bit: in the keys unlocking movement andre-.attach said key bit :in its re i two; part key, ilmieens mowololeflorone part of thekey :lumens-agement with another rpartolf :thekey- 114. In 4look means.. alcoleriore,l a key coi-notie ing `a key V-liamlle and a detachable key bitfand tumblers -in said look @removable :byfsaid key hand-le into engagement with Said detachable key bit. 15. In a lock, afnlnrality ofetumblers :and farle taohable` bit type keyiinsertable into said-look and. operable -to Y rotativeli' rmove and relatively position said tumblels. i. y A 16. In look means, a lock core, a key comprising a lkey handle and as 'eparable key bit'that is detachable from said -key handle by `-rotary moyev ment of said 'key'handle .Within said :lock-cora and tumblers inlsadllock core rotatively movable by said key handle .into .engagement fwithgsaid detachablekey bit.A 'w o' 1'?. In lock means, a key comprisingake'y handlel and -a :separabl'ekeyzbit a lock' core coinlprising @two frelativlym'ovable' partsfadapted. to receive and support theikey handle iandf the ikey bit' respectively `and providing fior limited move ment of the .key `:handle Without moving the "key bit,lan'd ftumblers in said lock .core Vn'fiovable'iby turning .of said *key handle `into `engagement.vvith said 'fkey bit .whilesaid key bit is supportediin a fixed position.

IlSJIn'look means,.aflock core-,atkey comprising a key lhandle andiaidetachable key blt, tum# blers in -sad flock coremovable sby :turning `said keyfhandle, and :stepped shoulders in said tumblers .positioned 4.to engageWlith said ikey bit .when said tumblers are moved. l l `19. In lock-means, allock coi-aia key comprising a keyhandle and a key bit-detachablefrom said key handleftumblers inisaid look core movable-by said key bit/.Hand `friction -means inter# posedbetween saidlkey handle and said] tumbler-'s providing `'for `lost motion jof f thetumblersfa'fter shoulders -on said tumblers .engage with the Vkey bit. 20. 4I n combination, a lock, a key 'liandle -a separable jkey bit detachably tiqrinected V-withsaiculj key handla/ke'y bit receivingmeans in -theilock positioned toreoeive and. hold tliekeyfloit r 0i tatively immovable in the lock While thezkefy handle Yis .rotatively moyed .inthe lock, and tllmblers in .the lockmoyable by the .key ,handle'nto 2:1. In .combination, -a .lock ya .key Vhandla. a separableekeyfbitf. detachablyoonneoted with said. .key handler-:key bit receiving meaneiin the-look positioned toreceive and hold the key bit rotatively immovable in the lock while the key handle is rotatively moved in the lock, ring tumblers in the lock movable by the key handle into engagement with the key bit, and friction means interconnecting the said tumblers and key handle providing for lost motion between the said tumblers and the key handle after the said tumblers engage the key bit.

22. InA combination, a lock, a key handle, a separablekey bit detachably connected with said key handle, key bit receiving means in the lock positioned to receive and hold the key bit rotatively immovable in the lock while the key handle is rotatively moved in the lock, ring tumblers in the lock, spacer rings frictionally engaging said tumblers, and means connecting the said spacers with the key vhandle whereby rotative movement ofthe key handle will move the said tumblers into engagement with the key bit.

23. In a lock, a Iplurality of ring tumblers, stepped shoulders within said tumblers, notches within said Vtumblers, aA key, a detachable key bit for said key, lock core means rotatively disposed within said tumblers and having keyway means to receive and support said key and said key'bit for independent movement within the lock with the key bit positioned in cooperative relation to said stepped shoulders, friction means interconnecting said tumblers and said lock core means, and lock control devices carried by said lock core means, adapted to cooperate with said notches.

24. The `combination with a lock, of a key handle, a key bit, latch means detachably connecting said key'bit with said key handle, and other means'in the lock adapted to release said latch means and thereby release the key bit from the key handle by the insertionV of the key into the lock.

25. In a lock', the combination of elements comprising a tumbler having key bit engaging means, a key bit holding means and a tumbler-moving means adapted to move the key bit engaging means of said tumbler into engagement with a key'bit held in said key bit'holding means, said key bit'being held stationary in said lock.

' 26."In a lock, the combination of elements comprising a key bit, a plurality of ring tumblers having key bitI engaging. means, and tumbler moving means in the'lock adapted to move the key bit engaging means ofall of said ring tumblers into engagement with said key bit, during a `pick-up phase of lock operation, said key bit being held stationary in said lock during the movement of said key bit engaging means into engagement with said key bit.

27. In a lock, a plurality of ring tumblers, ring spacers frictionally engaging said tumblers, a

Aplurality of shoulders Within each tumbler adapted to engage with a key bit, means for rotatively moving the spacers to carry the tumblers therewith until they are stopped by the key bit and notches in said tumblers adapted to be aligned` by cooperation of said shoulders with the key bit and a lock control bar adapted to enter said .aligned 4notches and thus cooperate with said tumblers to control the operation of locking means. Y v

28. In a lock, a plurality of ring tumblers, ring spacers frictionally engaging said tumblers, and rotatively movable key operated means connected with Vsaid spacers adapted to move said spacers and key means cooperating with said spacers in the adjustment of said tumbler rings.

29. In a lock, a plurality of ring tumblers, ring spacers positionedfbetween said ring tumblers, and cylindrical peripheral flanges on said ring spacers extending'over and frictionally 'engaging and shielding the peripheral portion of said'ring tumblers. Y

30. In a lock, a lock core, ring tumblers rotatively supported on said core, and resilient snap ring means on said lock core holding said ring tumblers in assembled relation and exerting an endwise pressure on said ring tumblers to-provide frictional engagement therebetween.

31. In a lock, aplurality of ring tumblers, stepped shoulders within said tumblers, notches within said tumblers, key means, lock core means rotatively disposed Within said tumblers 'having keyway means adapted to receive andposition said key means for cooperation with said stepped shoulders, and lock control means carried by said lock core means adapted to cooperate with said notches. 'v

32. In a lock, a plurality of ring tumblers, stepped shoulders within said tumblers, notches within said tumblers, key means, lock core means rotatively disposed within said tumblers and having keyway means adapted to receive and position said key means for'cooperation with said stepped shoulders, friction means interconnecting said tumblers and saidV lock core means, and lock control devices carried by said lock core means adapted to cooperate with said notches.

33. In a lock, a housing, two relatively rotatable telescopic body membersV in said housing, a plurality of ring tumblers rotatively supported on said two body members, friction means intercon` necting said tumblers with the innermost body member, key bit engaging meanswithin said tumblers adapted for engagement with a key disposed within said body members, and'lock control means carried by'said innermost body member cooperating withY said tumblers.

34. In a lock, a housing', an inner and an outer body member disposed Within saidV housing, said two body members being relatively movable rotatively, ring tumblers carried by said body members adapted to be positioned by key means vin said body members and controlling the operation of said body members, locking means carried by said body members locking the outer body member to the housing when the body members are in their starting position, and devices'for moving said locking means during they rotary movement of the, inner body member to unlock the outer body member from the housing vand lock the outer body member to the inner body member.

35. A lock having the lock-controlled assembly feature, comprising a key having a combinated portion that is detachable from the key handle, and lock core means having two relatively movable members receiving the'combinated portion of said key and the key handlevrespectively.

36. In a lock, a relatively separable key handle and key bit detachable from each otherv by relative sidewise movement, and two relatively rotatablebody members positioned one within the other an-d each having a portion of a key slot therein, the key slot portion in the outer body member being adapted to receive the key bit and the key slot portion of the inner body member being adapted to receive the key handle, whereby relative rotary movement of said two body members will relatively disconnect and connect said key handle and key bit. i L

37. In a lock, a housing, a plurality of relatively rotatable bodymembers in said housing, releas- 21 able means adapted in one position to lock one of said body members to said housing and in another position to lock two of said body members together, and devices for operating said releasable means in the cycle of operationv of the lock.

38. In a lock, a housing, a plurality of relatively rotatable body members in said housing, body member locking means carried by one body member adapted to lock said body member to said housing in one portion of the cycle of movement of the lock parts and to another body member in another portion in the cycle of movement of the lock parts.

39. In a lock, a fixed member, a rotary member, an intermediate member, and locking means operable to lock said intermediate member to said xed member in portions of the operating cycle of the lock and to the rotary member in other portions of the operating cycle of the lock.

40. In a lock, a xed member, a rotary member, an intermediate member, and locking means carried by the intermediate member operable to interlock said intermediate member with said fixed member and with said rotary member at different times in the cycle of operation of the lock.

41. In a lock, a xed member, a rotary member, an intermediate member, and alocking slide carried by the intermediate member movable by rotation of the rotary member into locking engagement with either the xed member or the rotary member.

42. In a lock, a housing, a lock core, a lock control bar, means supporting said lock control bar for simultaneous radial and longitudinal movement of said lock control bar.

43. In a lock, a housing, a lock core, a lock control bar in said core, means supporting said lock control bar for simultaneous radial and longitudinal movement in said lock core, means controlled by longitudinal movement of said lock control bar governing rotary movement of said lock core, and ring tumblers on said lock core controlling the radial movement of said lock control bar.

44. In a lock, a lock core, a lock control bar carried by said core, intertting inclined ribs on said bar and said core providing for simultaneous radial and longitudinal movement of said bar relative to said core, and key controlled tumbler means controlling the radial movement of said lock control bar.

45. In a lock, a lock core, a lock housing for said lock core, a lock control bar in said lock core, means supporting said lock control bar for simultaneous radial and longitudinal movement in said lock core, a movable member connected with said lock control bar for movement longitudinally of said housing, and cooperating lugs on said movable member land said housing controlling rotary movement of said lock core.

46. In a lock, a housing, lugs in the housing, lock core means in the housing, a lock control bar supported for simultaneous longitudinal and radial movement in said lock core means, a movable member carried by said lock core means and connected with said lock control bar, lugs on said movable member cooperating with said housing lugs to control rotation of said lock core means,

and ring tumblers on said lock core means controlling the radial movement of said lock control bar.

47. In a lock, a housing, lock core means, a lock control bar longitudinally and radially movable as respects said lock core means, devices controlled by longitudinal movement of said lock control bar for governing rotary movement of said core means, and inclined interfitting rib means -controlling longitudinal movement of the lock control bar in proportion to the radial movement thereof.

48. In a lock, a housing, lock core means in the housing, a lock control bar longitudinally and radially movable as respects the lock core means, a longitudinally movable member carrying said lock control bar, cam means operable in response to rotary movement of said core means and controlling the longitudinal movement of said longitudinally movable member, inclined interfitting rib means interconnecting said lock control bar and said lock core means compelling longitudinal movement of the lock control bar in proportion to the radial movement thereof, and ring tumblers controlling radial movement of said lock control bar.

49. In a lock, a core member, a lock control bar longitudinally and radially movable relative to said core member, key controlled means positioned for engagement by said lock control bar, and interltting inclined ribs connecting said lock control bar and said core member maintaining parallelism of said lock control bar and compelling proportionate longitudinal and radial movement of the same.

50. In a lock, a core member having a key slot therein, a key insertable into said core member and having a notch therein, and a key locking member carried by said core member and rotatively movable relative to said core member and operable in the notch in said key to prevent removal of said key when said key is moved rotatively away from its initial position.

51. In a lock, a core member having a keyway therein, a key insertable into said keyway and i having a notch therein, a face member connected with said core member and rotatable therewith, a non-rotatatable member, a key locking member carried by said core member rotatively movable relative tosaid core member and adapted to t within the notch in said key to prevent removal of said key when said key is moved away from its initial position, and a locking slide carried by said key locking member and controlling the movement of said key locking member relative to said core member.

FRANK ELLISON BEST.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 293,885 Jackson Feb.. 19, 1884 524,148 VRoche Aug. '7, 1894 1,905,639 Jacobi Apr. 25, 1933 2,165,202 Bjorck July 11, 1939 2,179,947 Miller Nov.. 14, 1939 

